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Battle of Calumpit
The Battle of Calumpit, alternately known as the Battles of Bagbag and Pampanga Rivers, was fought from April 25–27, 1899, in Calumpit, Bulacan, during the Philippine-American War. Taking place after the Battle of Quingua, the fighting around Calumpit saw US forces under General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. once again face General Antonio Luna's main force, with whom they had clashed during the fall of Malolos on March 31, 1899.〔
==Background==
Beginning on March 25, the Americans began their drive to capture Malolos, the Philippine capital at the time, hoping that it would shatter the morale of the Filipino troops.〔 This was achieved on March 31, amidst token resistance by about 5,000 Filipinos. The capital had already been transferred to San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, before the debacle, and the main Filipino force, under the command of General Antonio Luna, had moved to the Calumpit–Apalit Line.〔 MacArthur, meanwhile, rested with his troops in Malolos to prepare the drive against the Calumpit–Apalit Line.〔 The Battle of Quingua, which occurred on April 23, signaled the beginning of a new American offensive. It was one of the flanks in the Filipino line of defense.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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